<item><hi format=bold>Birth rate:</hi> 28.45 births/1,000 population (1994 est.)
<item><hi format=bold>Death rate:</hi> 10.29 deaths/1,000 population (1994 est.)
<item><hi format=bold>Net migration rate:</hi> 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1994 est.)
<item><hi format=bold>Infant mortality rate:</hi> 78.4 deaths/1,000 live births (1994 est.)
<item><hi format=bold>Life expectancy at birth:</hi>
<list style=hang>
<item>• <hi format=ital>total population:</hi> 58.58 years
<item>• <hi format=ital>male:</hi> 58.09 years
<item>• <hi format=ital>female:</hi> 59.09 years (1994 est.)
</list>
<item><hi format=bold>Total fertility rate:</hi> 3.48 children born/woman (1994 est.)
<item><hi format=bold>Nationality:</hi>
<list style=hang>
<item>• <hi format=ital>noun:</hi> Indian(s)
<item>• <hi format=ital>adjective:</hi> Indian
</list>
<item><hi format=bold>Ethnic divisions:</hi> Indo-Aryan 72%, Dravidian 25%, Mongoloid and other 3%
<item><hi format=bold>Religions:</hi> Hindu 80%, Muslim 14%, Christian 2.4%, Sikh 2%, Buddhist 0.7%, Jains 0.5%, other 0.4%
<item><hi format=bold>Languages:</hi> English enjoys associate status but is the most important language for national, political, and commercial communication, Hindi the national language and primary tongue of 30% of the people, Bengali (official), Telugu (official), Marathi (official), Tamil (official), Urdu (official), Gujarati (official), Malayalam (official), Kannada (official), Oriya (official), Punjabi (official), Assamese (official), Kashmiri (official), Sindhi (official), Sanskrit (official), Hindustani a popular variant of Hindu/Urdu, is spoken widely throughout northern India
<list style=hang>
<item>• <hi format=ital>note:</hi> 24 languages each spoken by a million or more persons; numerous other languages and dialects, for the most part mutually unintelligible
</list>
<item><hi format=bold>Literacy:</hi> age 7 and over can read and write (1991 est.)